signs for "by"
by (location) = “near”moving pass = “pass”
by (action) = “how” 
(passive) by = “by”
by (time) = “by”

examples
by (location)
I found your phone by the door. 

moving pass
I walked by your home.

by (action)
I recovered by stretching. 

(passive) by
This book is published by one author.

by (time) 
We can meet anytime by Tuesday.